How do I keep facebook from publishing comments I make on photos and pages?

[LaMpArD]

People can't see your updates,posts,comments etc.untill you set facebook to do so.Hence If Your Intend Is To "hide your comment activites from specific friends only".Then Easiest Way Is Either block them or Add them as your Restricted Friends/Users.

If You Block Them,They Will Not Be Able To See You Or Your Profile And Vice Versa.

But,If You Add Those People Into Your Restricted Friends List,Then They Will Only See Your Empty Wall,Means Only Your Old Status,Activies And Your Profile Pic.And Also They Will Not Be Able To Comment Or Post Status On Your Wall.And You Can See Their Posts,Statuses,Comments Etc.

To Block Or Restrict People Go To Here:http://www.facebook.com/settings?tab=blocking

Check Source For More Facebook Privacy And Security Tutorials.