How does facebook work exactly?

[JimDandy]

The answer fully depends upon your privacy settings. If you've granted everybody access to your email address, phone number, etc., then an organization's page will have that information. If you haven't, then they won't.

I have my own pages on Facebook. While I cannot always get email addresses (in the case where its not publicly available) I can often view a Facebook user's profile and get a lot of information about them, and who they know, etc.