How Social Forces/Systems affect Poverty?

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What social forces are at play that influence outcomes for the individuals?
To what degree do social systems keep people who are poor in poverty, or enable the non-poor to be non-poor?
Social systems could be like government, student loans, globalization, housing market, etc.

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To what degree do social systems keep people who are poor in poverty, or enable the non-poor to be non-poor?

Welfare