how does information travel from...?

[Owl101]

Your PC, modem then ISP to your DNS and then router then to the server?

I can't find anything about these in the internet and I'm so confuse! Please help me out.

[Euan]

Your pc - modem/router - ISP (Internet service provider ie. BT, Vigin Media, EE, (uk examples)) - DNS (Domain name server) - Server. Every time you visit a website you use DNS. It looks for the ip address and then the server you want to visit.

[Southpaw]

Here is a simple description;
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howbroadbandworks.html
Here is a more detailed description ( multi-page );
http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/equip.htm
And here is what they photographed when my old employers let them into a local telephone exchange;
http://www.kitz.co.uk/adsl/telephone_exchange.htm
Should give you somewhere to start looking, regards, Bob.